it depends largely on what methology you are using, what you have in the tank and ... .
Dr. Randy holmes asks a nice question on this article :
Water Changes in Reef Aquaria by Randy Holmes-Farley - Reefkeeping.com
why are you doing water changes ? to reduce N and P ? then there is no replacement,
or to renew chemicals or to get out build up of some chemicals.
one thing to note is that BIG water changes in reef tank are NOT GOOD. you should do 30% per month at max to not shock corals.
for my system, I dose ALOT of elements, KH, CA++, MG, K+, Iodine, FE, strontium, molybelium, copper, SI, ... and many many many more elements for all SPS to trive.the nutritions are REALLY low (Zeovit) and I do Bi-weekly water changes, and that is ONLY to get the RATIO of those elements back in check !
what it comes down to, KH and CA++ and MG can be tested and added, other elements cant, so you never know if you have the correct ratio or not, so water changes here and tehre are needed on top of it.
I also have a lionfish tank, which gets like 2 water changes a year .... no corals, and bubble algae, I change water in that tank once in a while, out of boredom lol but dose KH daily.
Carbon should be ran in all Reef systems imo.