A trickle filter uses a media such as bio-balls, and lets the water run over it, usually via a drip tray. A trickle filter also has the function of a sump in that it's a place to keep additional water in the system and maintain a constant level in the display tank.
Trickle filters do a few things very well. One is gas exchange, CO2 out and O2 in. The other is the breakdown of ammonia --> nitrite --> nitrate. Now at first though, you would think that's good, but with a trickle filter the process is so effective that the rest of the filtration system doesn't get much of a chance to deal with anything. This in turn usually causes a build up of nitrates. This is why advice is often given to people with trickle filters to remove the bio-balls.
I recommend you build a berlin type sump. This uses a mechanical filter, usually a filter sock to remove the particulate matter. A large powerful skimmer is used to remove other waste products. A refugium is often included in such a system, but it can be considered optional.
Also a berlin type sump will be much easier to construct.