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Boomer · 11-26-2003, 01:03 PM

Here is some more from my oldf freind Mike from Norway

http://www.seaslugforum.net/display....tworm2&id=5836

Fission in Convolutriloba longifissura: asexual reproduction in acoelous turbellarians revisited

Bertil Åkesson, Robert Gschwentner, Jan Hendelberg, Peter Ladurner, Johann Müller & Reinhard Rieger

Studies of the asexual reproduction of Convolutriloba longifissura (Acoela, Acoelomorpha) revealed that there is no longitudinal fission of the whole animal as has been described by Bartolomaeus and Balzer (1997). Instead, the first step is a transverse fission. This results in the detachment of the caudal fourth of the mother animal. The detached part forms what we call the butterfly stage, which initially has no mouth and no eye fields. This stage gives rise to two new individuals by a longitudinal fission. Within 2-3 days the eye fields and a mouth develop in each of the two progenies formed in this way. In the meantime the mother individual grows and develops the three typical caudal lobes. The mother animal can repeat this process resulting in three individuals every fourth day. The finding of this new pattern of reproduction in the Acoela has prompted us to review the various ways by which asexual reproduction occurs in the group. The peculiar combination of few cases but high diversity of asexual reproduction in the Acoela is discussed from an evolutionary point of view.

For Cos

The red planaria have most probably moved into your reef with new purcheased live rock or coral. Red planaria (Convolutriloba retrogemma) eat diatoms, or damaged coral tissue; and transfer the zooxanthels into their body - therefore the red coloring. There are several methods to get rid of them: 1) If there are only few of them, the following reef-safe fish can eat them: Mandarinfish (Synchiropus picturatus), six-line wrasse (Pseudocheilinius hexatenia), or some other wrasses, such as: Halichoeres marginatus & H. chrysus. 2) These snails eat planaria: Chelidonura amoena, C. sandrana, C. livida, & C. hirundinina. Unfortunately these snails have a short life expectancy in aquariums. 3) A fresh water dip helps very effectively, after 30 seconds all planaria should be dead or bady damaged, so that they can not recover anymore. But a freshwater dip is a torture for your corals, good that your corals are not infected yet. The following corals do not tolerate freshwater: Softcorals -Anthelia, Cespitularia, Xenia, & Cladiella / Stonycorals - Tubipora musica, Fungia & Heliofungia. You can use this method for new purchased stock, e.g. a mushroom colony on a piece of liverock. 4) In case of an outbreak, chemical warfare is the only solution. Before starting with the medication, try to remove as many planaria as possible, by sucking them with an external powerfilter, filled with filterwool. In Europe, we use "CONCURRAT-L" by Bayer, to fight an outbreak. I'm sure it is available in U.S. as well, or there will be an equivalent. The dose is 7,5 g CONCURRAT-L powder for each 400 liters (apprx. 100 gallons) of aquarium water. Before mixing it into your tank, make sure to remove active carbon from your filter. ecause of CONCURRAT-L treatment the red planaria release a powerful poison before they die. Therefore the skimmer must run all the time at it's highest level. After 3 hours put new active carbon into the filter and remove it after 10 hours again and do not use it anymore. I'm sure, that one of these methods (correctly implemented) will solve your planaria problem.

11-26-2003, 01:03 PM	#13 (permalink)
Boomer Reef Sanctuary's Mr. Wizard Join Date: Nov 2003 Location: Duluth, Minnesota Posts: 2,348 View Gallery Karma Komment	Here is some more from my oldf freind Mike from Norway http://www.seaslugforum.net/display....tworm2&id=5836 Fission in Convolutriloba longifissura: asexual reproduction in acoelous turbellarians revisited Bertil Åkesson, Robert Gschwentner, Jan Hendelberg, Peter Ladurner, Johann Müller & Reinhard Rieger Studies of the asexual reproduction of Convolutriloba longifissura (Acoela, Acoelomorpha) revealed that there is no longitudinal fission of the whole animal as has been described by Bartolomaeus and Balzer (1997). Instead, the first step is a transverse fission. This results in the detachment of the caudal fourth of the mother animal. The detached part forms what we call the butterfly stage, which initially has no mouth and no eye fields. This stage gives rise to two new individuals by a longitudinal fission. Within 2-3 days the eye fields and a mouth develop in each of the two progenies formed in this way. In the meantime the mother individual grows and develops the three typical caudal lobes. The mother animal can repeat this process resulting in three individuals every fourth day. The finding of this new pattern of reproduction in the Acoela has prompted us to review the various ways by which asexual reproduction occurs in the group. The peculiar combination of few cases but high diversity of asexual reproduction in the Acoela is discussed from an evolutionary point of view. For Cos The red planaria have most probably moved into your reef with new purcheased live rock or coral. Red planaria (Convolutriloba retrogemma) eat diatoms, or damaged coral tissue; and transfer the zooxanthels into their body - therefore the red coloring. There are several methods to get rid of them: 1) If there are only few of them, the following reef-safe fish can eat them: Mandarinfish (Synchiropus picturatus), six-line wrasse (Pseudocheilinius hexatenia), or some other wrasses, such as: Halichoeres marginatus & H. chrysus. 2) These snails eat planaria: Chelidonura amoena, C. sandrana, C. livida, & C. hirundinina. Unfortunately these snails have a short life expectancy in aquariums. 3) A fresh water dip helps very effectively, after 30 seconds all planaria should be dead or bady damaged, so that they can not recover anymore. But a freshwater dip is a torture for your corals, good that your corals are not infected yet. The following corals do not tolerate freshwater: Softcorals -Anthelia, Cespitularia, Xenia, & Cladiella / Stonycorals - Tubipora musica, Fungia & Heliofungia. You can use this method for new purchased stock, e.g. a mushroom colony on a piece of liverock. 4) In case of an outbreak, chemical warfare is the only solution. Before starting with the medication, try to remove as many planaria as possible, by sucking them with an external powerfilter, filled with filterwool. In Europe, we use "CONCURRAT-L" by Bayer, to fight an outbreak. I'm sure it is available in U.S. as well, or there will be an equivalent. The dose is 7,5 g CONCURRAT-L powder for each 400 liters (apprx. 100 gallons) of aquarium water. Before mixing it into your tank, make sure to remove active carbon from your filter. ecause of CONCURRAT-L treatment the red planaria release a powerful poison before they die. Therefore the skimmer must run all the time at it's highest level. After 3 hours put new active carbon into the filter and remove it after 10 hours again and do not use it anymore. I'm sure, that one of these methods (correctly implemented) will solve your planaria problem. __________________ Boomer Want to Talk Chemistry ! The Reef Chemistry Forum Want to See More ! The Coral Realm If you See Me Running You Better Catch-Up An explosion can be defined as a loud noise, accompanied by the sudden going away of things, from a place where they use to be.